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Showing posts from July, 2020

Education policy of 2020

BJP government, under prime minister Narendra Modi has announced a new education policy for india. The key points of this education policy are as follows: 1. 10+2 board structure is   dropped 2. New school structure will be 5+3+3+4 3. Up to 5 preschools, 6 to 8 Mid School, 8 to 11 High School, 12 onwards Graduation 4. Any Degree will be 4 years 5. 6th std onwards vocational courses available 6. From 8th to 11 students can choose subjects  7. All graduation course will have major and minor Example - science students can have Physics as Major and Music as minor also. Any combination he can choose 8. All higher education will be governed by only one authority.  9. UGC AICTE will be merged. 10. All University government, private, Open, Deemed, Vocational, etc will have the same grading and other rules. 11. New Teacher Training board will be up for all kinds of teachers in the try, no state can change 12. The same level of Accreditation to any collage based on its rating ...

Sources of Indian constitution

V arious parts of the Indian constitution  are derived from other  constitutions of different countries.the major source of indian constitution is the Government of India act,1935. In simple terms this act forms the basis or blue print of the Indian constitution. The parts which are derived from Government of India act are as follows: office of governor, judiciary, federal scheme, public service commission. The countries which are source of indian constitution and parts of indian constitution derived from constitution of these countries are as under: 1) Australia:  concurrent lists, provisions regarding trade , commerce and intercourse, joint sitting of parliament. 2) Britain: first past the post system, parliamentary government,rule of law, office of the CAG,law making procedure, cabinet system, single citizenship,and bicameralism.   3) Ireland: directive principles of state policy ( Ireland borrowed it from Spain) , methods of election of the President and nom...

United Nations organisation

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United Nations organisation ( uno) is an intergovernmental organisation or world level  organisation to promote international cooperation. UNO was established on 24 October 1945 after world war 2nd, when the leaders of the world, including American  President Roosevelt and British prime minister Churchill, decided to create a world level organisation that would help to ensure peace.  Charter of uno was signed on 26 June 1945. At it's founding uno had 51 member states now it has 193. Its headquarters are in Manhattan (new York) .Its main offices are in Geneva ( Switzerland), Nairobi and Vienna (Austria) . six official languages  are spoken and used in documents and at the United Nations organisation are: Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spainish. UNO has six principal organs. 1) General Assembly 2) Security Council 3) Economic and Social Council 4)the Secretariat 5) International court of justice (ICJ) 6)UN Trusteeship ( inactive since 1994. General ass...

Preamble of the Indian constitution

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The term  preamble refers to the introduction or preface of the constitution or essence of the constitution. N A palkhiwala, an eminent jurist and constitutional expert called the preamble as the  identity card of the constitution. It contains summary or essence of the constitution. It is based on" objective resolution" drafted and moved by pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and adopted by the constituent assembly. Components of the preamble. The preamble has four components. 1)Date of adoption of the constitution (26 November 1949) 2) Objective of constitution (justice, liberty, equality and fraternity) 3) Nature of indian states (sovereign, socialist,secular, democratic and republic) 4) source of authority of constitution (people of india) K ey words of preamble. 1)Democratic: it means supreme power is possessed by people of india. 2) sovereign: it implies india is neither a dependent nor a dominion of any other country. Being a sovereign state India can acquire a foreign territory or...

Salient features of the Indian constitution

The original provisions of constitution, adopted on 1949 have undergone various changes, especially under 42nd ammendment act 1976.this ammendment is regarded as  mini constitution  ,due to important and large number of changes madte by it in various parts of constitution. The salient features of Indian constitution are as follows. 1) Lengthiest written constitution. Indian constitution is Lengthiest written constitution in the world. It originally had only 395 articles which were divided into 22 parts and 8 schedules, but its growing and has 448 articles divided in 25 parts and 12 schedules. 2) Drawn from various sources. The structural part is to a large extent derived from government of India act 1935 ,the philosophical from America and Irish constructions and political part from British construction. 3) parliamentary form of government. It means, government is elected by people and ministers (representatives of people) take all decision on behalf of people.its also called...

Making of the Indian constitution

The constitution for india was prepared by constituent assembly. The idea of constituent assembly for india was given by M.N Roy,in 1934. He was pioneer of communist movement in India. In 1935 Indian National Congress (Inc)for the first time officially demand a constituent assembly, to frame the constitution of India. In 1938 Jawaharlal Nehru on behalf of Inc declared that constitution for free India must be framed without out side interface by a constituent assembly. And members of constituent assembly should be elected on basis of adult franchise. This demand of constituent assembly was accepted in August offer of 1940. In 1942 sir Stafford Cripps,a member of cabinet came to India with a draft proposal of British government on the framing of an independent constitution for india and to be adopted after the world war second. The proposal was rejected by the Muslim league, which wanted india to be divided into two autonomous states with two separate constituent assemblies. In 24 March ...