Preamble of the Indian constitution

The term preamble refers to the introduction or preface of the constitution or essence of the constitution. N A palkhiwala,an eminent jurist and constitutional expert called the preamble as the identity card of the constitution. It contains summary or essence of the constitution. It is based on"objective resolution"drafted and moved by pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and adopted by the constituent assembly.
Components of the preamble.
The preamble has four components.
1)Date of adoption of the constitution (26 November 1949)
2) Objective of constitution (justice, liberty, equality and fraternity)
3) Nature of indian states (sovereign, socialist,secular, democratic and republic)
4) source of authority of constitution (people of india)

Key words of preamble.
1)Democratic: it means supreme power is possessed by people of india.
2) sovereign: it implies india is neither a dependent nor a dominion of any other country. Being a sovereign state India can acquire a foreign territory or cede a part of its territory in favour of a foreign state.
3) secular:This term was added by 42nd ammendment act of 1976. It means all religions in India (irrespective of their strength) have same status and support from the state.
4) Socialist: this was also added by 42nd ammendment act 1976. Before this act it was present in indirect form but by this ammendment,it becomes explicit. Indian is different from others, its democratic in nature i,e presence of both public as well as private property or in other words mixed economy.
5) Justice: this term in preamble has three distinct forms_ social, political and economic. These are secured through various provision of fundamental rights and directive principles of state policy.
6) Republic: it means that head of state is elected (directly or indirectly) for a fixed time period. Indian President (head of state) is elected indirectly for a fixed period of five years. The republic also means two more things
1) vesting of political sovereignty in the people and not in single individual like king
2) the absence of privileged class.
7) Equality: it means all citizens of India are equal, absence of special privileges to any section of society and provisions of adequate opportunities for all individuals with out any discrimination. Preamble provide for three types of equality I,e civil, political and economic.
8) Fraternity: it means a sense of brotherhood.the constitution promotes this feeling by the system of single citizenship.
Significance of the preamble:
It reflects dreams and aspirations of founding fathers of the constitution.it embedded the basic philosophy and fundamental values( moral, political and religious) ,on which constitution is based.

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