Sustainable Development and major conferences
Sustainable development is a concept which refers to the process of socio- economic development through the judicious utilisation of natural resources, keeping in mind the needs of the future generation. The concept developed in the 1960s when people became aware of dangerous effects of industrialization on the environment.
The best and most widely used definition of sustainable development was given by the Brundtland commission in its report our common Future (1987).It defined sustainable development as''development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs '' Thus its clear from this definition that we have to use resources in limited way or in their carrying capacity.
Awareness regarding dangerous of environmental degradation, collect world leaders under common roof .they discussed these dangerous and tried to put fourth preventive measures. This resulted in various environmental conferences.
Major conferences on Environment and Development
The stockholm conference: the united nations conference on the Human Environment (UNCHE). (More popularly known as the stockholm conference) held in stockholm, Sweden in 1972,was the first step towards putting environmental concerns on the global agenda. It was participated by 113 states. India was represented by the then Indian Prime minister,Mrs. Indira Gandhi . she was a forceful presence at stockholm, emphasising that 'poverty is the biggest polluter '
The stockholm conference resulted in the stockholm declaration containing twenty six principles and Action plans containing 106 recommendation for environmental policy. The conference also resulted in the setting up of the united Nations Environmental Program (UNEP), a new UN machinery to serve as a catalyst in developing and coordinating an environmental focus in the programs of other organisations.
Rio Earth summit: Twenty years after the stockholm conference the UN conference on Environment and development (UNCED),held in Rio de janeiro, Brazil in 1992. This conference is popularly known as the Rio Earth summit. It was attended by over by 100 heads of states and government,the highest ever attendance in and international conference. This summit resulted in guiding principals like Agenda 21, the UN Framework convention on climate change (UNFCCC), Convention on biological diversity (CBD) . The forest principles were also adopted though they were not legally binding and negotiation process for the convention to combat Desertification was also launched. Rio summit laid the foundation of the UN Commission on sustainable development (CSD) .
Millennium Developmental goals:
These goals were adopted by united nations millennium summit 2000. The target time to accomplish these goals was 15 years. There were 8 millennium goals,18 targets and 48 indicators to measure the results. It include the following targets
1 Eradicate extreme hunger and poverty.
2 Achieve Universal primary Education.
3 Promote Gender equality and Empower women.
4 Reduce child mortality.
5 Improve maternal health.
6 Combat AIDS,cholera, malaria and other diseases.
7 Ensure environmental sustainability.
8 Global partnership for development.
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Sustainable development goals
The target time for these goals is till 2030.these goals were adopted by UN in the conference on sustainable development, held in Rio de janerio, Brazil in 2012 I,e on 20th Anniversary of the Rio Earth summit.
The united nations adopted these goals to promote healthy and developed future of earth and its people. These goals were implemented after the completion of millennium development goals I,e on 1st january 2016.there are 17 sustainable development goals,169 targets and 304 indicators. The sustainable development goals include
1 No poverty
2 Zero Hunger
3 Good health and well being
4 Quantity education
5 Gender equality
6 Clean water and sanitation
7 Affordable and clean energy
8 Decent work and Economic Growth
9 Industrial innovation and infrastructure
10 Reduce inequalities
11 Sustainable cities and communities
12 Responsible production and consumption
13 climate action
14 Life below water
15 Life on land
16 peace, justice and strong institutions
17 partnership for the goal
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